Ontario chardonnay is having a moment. With a stylistic shift towards vibrancy and terroir-driven expressions, this iconic grape is now the province’s defining white wine. Carmelo Giardina explains
Over the past decade and a half, Ontario chardonnay has experienced a transformation that is both exciting and compelling. At one time, this was a wine known for its heavier, butter rich, oak-driven styles. But Ontario’s current class of golden generation winemakers have embraced a fresher, more mineral-forward approach, allowing the natural acidity and unique characteristics of Ontario’s cool-climate terroir to shine.
As winemakers hone their craft, refining vineyard management practices and emphasizing collaboration between growers and vintners, the future of Ontario chardonnay looks brighter than ever.
Also included in this feature: A retrospective on Stratus Chardonnay; and Leaning Post: A study of two vineyards (look for these below)
Attending Niagara’s annual International Cool Climate Chardonnay Celebration (i4C) each year in July has certainly helped with my education on just how far this grape has come and where it stands among quality chardonnay-produced throughout the world.
The more I study this grape and taste the wines from virtually hundreds of Ontario’s producers, the more I believe that chardonnay is Ontario’s calling card – showcasing winemakers’ ability to truly shine with a sense of creativity and ability. I’ve learned – and witnessed firsthand – that vineyard managers are farming with precision and collaborate with winemakers to deliver the best possible grapes.
Each summer, The School of Cool (part of i4C week) is an excellent way to learn about cool-climate chardonnay.
The rise in quality across Ontario’s VQA and emerging regions is a testament to the dedication and skill of these winemakers. There’s a quiet confidence among vintners, many of whom are stewarding some of the country’s most heralded wineries. Balancing tradition with innovation, they are pushing the boundaries of what chardonnay can be while remaining deeply connected to their vineyard sources and committed to sustainable practices.
Read Also: Ontario chardonnay is a game changer, and here’s why
The evolution of Ontario chardonnay reflects a broader global trend toward wines with freshness, balance, and transparency. Winemakers are crafting chardonnays that are leaner, sleeker, and more focused on minerality than ever before. This stylistic shift has created wines that are energetic and vibrant, with acidity that complements the flavours rather than overwhelming them.
In particular, the region’s limestone-rich soils impart that distinctive minerality, with each sub-appellation offering subtle nuances that distinguish one from another. By stepping back from excessive oak use and warm climate style tropical fruit notes, winemakers are allowing the grape and its terroir to speak for themselves, producing wines that are more expressive, dynamic, and terroir driven.
This improved generation of winemaking is showing a willingness to experiment with techniques like wild fermentations, lees aging, and concrete fermentation, all in an effort to highlight the purity of the fruit and the uniqueness of the terroir. Their approach is helping Ontario chardonnay evolve into a world-class wine that rivals the finest examples from Burgundy, New Zealand, Oregon, and other cool-climate regions.
Ontario chardonnay’s future is vivid bright, and the wines are well worth seeking out.
From the mineral-driven chardonnays of Niagara’s Twenty Mile Bench to the elegant, saline-infused wines of the Lincoln Lakeshore (and not to discount Prince Edward County’s hallmark acidity or Niagara-On-The-Lake’s soft-bodied roundness), Ontario chardonnay is now firmly established as a world-class white wine. As more winemakers continue to push the boundaries of what this grape can achieve, the future is vivid bright, and the wines are well worth seeking out.
But for all of its current popularity and praise among us writers and the industry cohort, chardonnay is still misunderstood. At times it’s even a point of contention. Even though the best chardonnays have shed the grape’s old stereotypes, I still pick up some confusion in the marketplace as the message hasn’t reached many consumers. Perhaps we just continue to need more time.
Spotlight on Ontario’s best chardonnays
To truly appreciate the depth and diversity of Ontario chardonnay, one must look to the wineries that are leading the charge. In this tasting report, I’ve chosen a sampling of chardonnays that check all the boxes when it comes to inspired enthusiasm for the cool-climate style and dynamism of the category. These 20 wines are made by winemakers who are committed to this grape’s future, showcasing their creativity, precision, and vision:
Cloudsley Cellars 2020 ‘Foxcroft Vineyard’ Chardonnay
Barrel-fermented and aged for 18 months in French oak (40% new), this wine from the Wismer Foxcroft Vineyard, situated within the Twenty Mile Bench sub-appellation in Niagara, reveals a textbook expression of this celebrated site. The mineral character is front and centre, accentuated by crisp lemon notes. A wine of finesse, it captures the limestone-driven freshness of the ‘Benchlands’ with great precision.
Dobbin Estate 2019 Chardonnay
Crafted from Clone 76 vines planted in 1995, this presents a lovely golden hue in the glass. Whole cluster pressed and wild fermented in French oak, it exudes elegance from start to finish. Aromas of lemon meringue and subtle spiced notes carry through to the palate, which is rich and layered. Its 18 months of aging in French oak lend depth and complexity, while the wild secondary fermentation adds a distinct character. The long, textured finish suggests this wine will continue to evolve beautifully over the next 2-4 years. Only one barrel was produced, bottled exclusively in magnum format.
16 Mile Cellar 2020 ‘Rebel’ Chardonnay
This single-vineyard blend from Susan’s Vineyard (consisting of three distinct blocks) boasts a wild barrel ferment and 14 months aging in neutral oak. The result is a textured, lively palate with lemon zest, mineral notes, and a subtle flinty flavour. The long, refreshing finish makes it a dynamic expression of the Creek Shores sub-appellation terroir.
Bachelder 2021 ‘Frontier Block’ Chardonnay
Hailing from the Grimsby Hillside Vineyard, this chardonnay is subtle and elegant, having spent 20 months in a mix of new and used Burgundian barrels. It offers a minerally clean profile, with notes of saline and a long, finesse-driven finish. This is a masterclass in balancing restraint and complexity from one of Ontario’s most acclaimed and true terroir masters, Thomas Bachelder.
Domaine Queylus 2022 ‘Tradition’ Chardonnay
Beautifully balanced with soft acids, this lean chardonnay offers bright lemon zest notes and a focused palate. Its simplicity belies the complexity of the winemaking behind it, showcasing a pure expression.
Hidden Bench 2022 ‘Estate’ Unfiltered Chardonnay
Organically farmed and unfiltered, this wine spent nine months in barrel. The nose bursts with baking spices and apple pie, while the palate is rich and creamy, balanced by refreshing acidity. Subtle saline and mineral notes carry through to the long finish, delivering a textured and expressive wine.
Trius 2021 ‘Showcase’ Chardonnay
This wild-ferment chardonnay offers a deeply expressive nose of grilled pineapple, apple, and toasty oak, with hints of caramel. The palate is spicy, with ginger notes that dance on the tongue. Tropical fruits linger on the finish, making this a rich, complex wine.
Rosehall Run 2021 ‘JCR’ Chardonnay
Marking the 10th edition of the JCR series, this estate-grown chardonnay from one of Prince Edward County’s most acclaimed wineries delivers a lemony fresh palate with bright acidity. While not as richly concentrated as some previous iterations, the mineral texture makes this vintage a standout, with solid mid-term aging potential.
The Organized Crime 2020 ‘Cuvee Krystyna Sacred Series’ Chardonnay
Wild yeast fermentation and 85 percent malolactic conversion contribute to this wine’s expressive orchard fruit aromas. Barrel spice and mineral notes keep the tropical fruit in check, balancing acidity and flavour for a beautifully composed wine with a long finish.
Tawse 2021 ‘Quarry Road’ Chardonnay
From the wind-swept Vinemount Ridge, this chardonnay offers a soft mouthfeel and balanced acidity, with flavours of lemon curd and spiced apple. Organically farmed and with minimal residual sugar (1g/L), it’s a lively, focused wine that reflects its cooler site beautifully.
Thirty Bench 2021 ‘Small Lot’ Chardonnay
With a flinty nose and 22 months in French oak (20% new), this wine showcases structure and concentration. The mid-palate bursts with lemon and spice, while the finish is long and textured, a hallmark of Thirty Bench’s careful oak aging.
Hidden Bench 2022 Beton Chardonnay
This unoaked chardonnay offers bright citrus and green apple aromas, with a clean, mineral-driven palate. The 18 months in concrete add a creamy texture and mid-palate weight, enhancing its complexity. Fresh acidity and a long, slightly saline finish make it both vibrant and elegant. A refined, Chablis-inspired chardonnay with depth and precision.
Leaning Post 2022 ‘The Fifty’ Chardonnay
Fermented in concrete and aged on lees for eight months, this wine is a blend of three vineyard sites. The nose is delicate, with honeyed tones, while the palate offers lemon curd and a lengthy mineral finish. A value-driven chardonnay with excellent aging potential.
Flat Rock Cellars 2021 ‘The Rusty Shed’ Chardonnay
A blend of five micro-parcels on the estate, this wine is rich yet delicate, offering lemon curd, flint, and minerality. The texture is silky, while the palate balances savoury notes with the cool climate’s crisp acidity.
Domaine Le Clos Jordanne 2021 ‘Jordan Village’ Chardonnay
Soft expression, with limestone, gravel, chalky soil as the backbone. The palate reveals a gentle touch of citrus and green apple, complemented by a creamy texture. The minerality adds a refreshing crispness, leading to a clean, polished finish.
13th Street 2021 ‘L. Viscek’ Chardonnay
With a tropical nose of banana, pineapple, and mango, this chardonnay is savoury on the palate. Flavours of honeysuckle, spiced apple cake, and baked banana bread round out the finish, offering an intriguing complexity.
Cave Spring 2021 ‘CSV’ Chardonnay
This wine balances mineral freshness with a harmonious integration of flavours. Each component—fruit, minerality, acidity—works in concert to create a delicate, balanced chardonnay that speaks to the vineyard’s special terroir on the Jordan bench.
Henry of Pelham 2022 ‘Speck Family Reserve’ Chardonnay
Aged for 8-10 months in French oak, including large foudres, this chardonnay offers irresistible apple crumble aromatics. The palate is fresh and delicate, with minerally clean flavours that remain balanced and vibrant.
Westcott Vineyards 2021 ‘Block 76’ Chardonnay
Another very fine Vinemount Ridge sub appellation example, this chardonnay, from a tiny vineyard block on the main estate property, greets the nose with warm mineral undertones and subtle aromas of caramel, ripe pear, and citrus. On the palate, it is quite elegantly creamy, beautifully balanced by soft acidity that lends freshness. The wine finishes long, with a silky texture that promises further complexity as it ages.
Domaine Le Clos Jordanne 2021 ‘Claystone Terrace’ Chardonnay
Lemon curd, terroir expressive. Gravel element, but much more subtle and smooth. The acidity is well-balanced, providing a zesty lift that enhances the wine’s freshness. Subtle notes of white flowers and a hint of oak round out the palate, making for a sophisticated, extended finish.
JL Groux of Stratus Vineyards presents the Stratus Chardonnay vertical tasting.
A retrospective on Stratus Chardonnay: A journey through time, style, and mindset
Vertical tastings are rare and precious opportunities to witness the evolution of a wine over time, providing invaluable insights into the vineyard’s history, the winemaker’s approach, and the impact of vintage variations. During Niagara’s i4C week, I participated in a retrospective tasting of Stratus Chardonnay, spanning vintages from 2002 to 2022.
The tasting was led by Stratus winemaker-extraordinaire (now winery consultant) J-L Groux, alongside the winery’s current head winemaker, Dean Stoyka. The progression of these wines over the years offered a fascinating glimpse into the shifting style of Ontario chardonnay, the passing of the torch from one talented winemaker to another, and the development of the estate’s vineyard.
The 2002 Stratus Chardonnay Reserve was a rich and weighty wine, with notes of caramel, butterscotch, and charred tropical fruit. Its long finish and pronounced oak presence reflected the style of the early 2000s, when more assertive use of oak was common.
By contrast, the 2009 Stratus Chardonnay showcased a softer, more honeyed profile, with sweet fruit and a warm-climate feel, despite the cooler vintage. The wine’s plush palate hinted at a stylistic transition toward more balanced, fruit-driven chardonnay.
Read Also: Ontario chardonnay: 10 top bottles worth seeking out
The 2015 Stratus Chardonnay, Bottled with Lees introduced an intriguing dimension to the tasting. The influence of new oak is still noticeable, creating a slight tingle on the palate. The inclusion of lees during bottling adds freshness and enhanced aromatics, while 2-3% lees aging in the bottle keeps the wine vibrant. With 100% malolactic fermentation, this wine gains added complexity, and its fairly cool vintage gives it a refined balance and structure.
The 2021 and 2022 Stratus Chardonnay Amphora offerings provided a glimpse into the future of Stratus chardonnay. Aged in amphorae, these wines displayed elegant, clean aromatics and a smooth, soft texture. The use of amphorae has added complexity and freshness to the wines, with the 2022 vintage showing particular refinement and clarity – further proof that Ontario chardonnay is experiencing a renaissance driven by a new generation of winemakers who are committed to crafting wines (through a variety of fermentation and aging vessels) that reflect the province’s cool-climate terroir.
A six-bottle vertical of Leaning Post’s ‘Senchuk Vineyard’ Chardonnays was a great way to taste the effects of vintage variation, vineyard development and winemaker’s approach.
Leaning Post vertical: A study of two vineyards
Another highlight of the i4C week was a visit to Leaning Post, located in Winona (close to Hamilton), where I had the chance to taste through two verticals of chardonnay from the winery’s home vineyard, aptly called the Senchuk Vineyard, and the Grimsby Hillside Vineyard, located across the road from the winery. Winemaker Ilya Senchuk and his wife Nadia have been producing chardonnay from these two key sites in the Lincoln Lakeshore sub-appellation since 2016 and 2019 respectively.
The Grimsby Hillside Vineyard Chardonnay vertical, beginning with the 2019 vintage, revealed a wine that captures the vineyard’s unique saline character. The 2019 vintage had distinctive sea salt aromatics, orchard fruit flavours, and a creamy palate reminiscent of crème brûlée. The 2020 vintage, picked two weeks earlier than 2019’s picking date, was fresher and more mineral-driven, while the 2021 vintage, from a challenging year, still delivered clean, bright flavours despite the difficulties of the growing season. The 2022 wine, though young, promises to be a return to form, with its familiar sea salt aromas and structured palate.
Read Also: i4C 2024: Summer’s coolest event celebrates the diversity of chardonnay
Meanwhile, the Senchuk Vineyard Chardonnay vertical offered a fascinating study in terroir from perhaps the unlikeliest of places – although it’s quite apparent that Ilya and Nadia knew this place was a goldmine all along.
The 2016 and 2017 wines were rich and complex, with spiced pear, pineapple, and butterscotch notes dominating. The 2018 vintage, however, was much lighter and more delicate, while the 2019 and 2020 wines displayed remarkable balance, with focused flavours of sea salt, orchard fruits, and minerality. The 2020, in particular, was a standout, exemplifying the expressive qualities of this site.
In line with the 2020 vintage, the 2021 expression is similar, with balanced aromas and flavours where no single component dominates. A varietally correct interpretation, it reflects a pure and well-executed expression of the vineyard. The 2022 vintage was not produced as a single-vineyard bottling, but the 2023 chardonnay, tasted from barrel, shows promising potential.
– Carmelo Giardina is the principal editor of VineRoutes
